Introduction: with the emergence of the trasplantology, the term of voluntary donating of organs and tissues it was more emphatic. In the Declaration of Helsinki the ethical principles settled down for the medical investigations in human beings. Objective: to demonstrate that the application of organs for transplant is a necessity and it is accepted ethically. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in patients assisted in intensive care unit of the Hospital Lucía Íñiguez Landín in 2014 and 2015 with the purpose of identifying possible donors and the real donors. Results: of 149 patients with Glasgow smaller than 8, only 30 (20.1%) finished with diagnostic of brain death, 16 (53.3%) had contraindication to be donating, contributing 9 (30%) real donors. Conclusions: the rate of family negative was of 16.7%. The efforts are not even enough, the number of obtained organs doesn't allow all the patients that require it to transplant.

Introducción: con el surgimiento de la trasplantología, el término donante voluntario de órganos y tejidos fue más enfático. En la Declaración de Helsinki se establecieron los principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Objetivo: demostrar que la solicitud de órganos para trasplante es una necesidad y es éticamente aceptado. Método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo corte transversal de los pacientes atendidos en unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Íñiguez Landín. Holguín, Cuba en el 2014 y 2015. Resultados: de 149 pacientes con Glasgow menor de 8 solo 30 (20,1%) terminaron con diagnóstico de muerte cerebral; de estos, 16 (53,3%) tenían contraindicación para ser donante y solo aportaron 9 (30%) donantes reales. Conclusiones: la tasa de negativa familiar fue de 16,7%. Aún los esfuerzos son insuficientes, pues el número de órganos obtenidos no permite trasplantar a todos los pacientes que lo requieren.

Introduction: the worldwide incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased in recent years and is currently the third leading cause of death in countries with high development of health systems. Objective: to identify the mortality and related variables in patients with exacerbated COPD discharged from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Method: case series study, in a period of two years. The lethality at discharge from the ICU was studied in 52 patients with exacerbated COPD discharged from the ICU of the VI Lenin Hospital, Holguin, in the period November 2012 and October 2014. For the processing of the data the percentage was used as well as the mean and standard deviation. Values of P <0.05 were considered significant. Results: the mortality was 42.3%, significantly associated with lower arterial pH values. The mean values of PaO2 evolved better in patients alive at discharge. Only non-invasive ventilation was used in 28.8% of the cases. The deceased patients had a significantly longer average duration of mechanical ventilation (8.6 ± 5.9 days vs. 4.0 ± 2.8 days). Septic shock had 100% of mortality Conclusions: the hospitality mortality was high and the employment of non invasive ventilation was limited.

Introducción: la incidencia mundial de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) se ha incrementado en los últimos años y es actualmente la tercera causa de muerte en países con alto desarrollo de sistemas sanitarios. Objetivo: identificar la letalidad y variables relacionadas en pacientes con EPOC agudizada egresados de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Método: estudio de serie de casos, en un período de dos años. Se estudió la letalidad al egreso de la UCI en 52 pacientes con EPOC agudizada egresados de la UCI del Hospital V. I. Lenin, de Holguín, en el período noviembre de 2012 y octubre de 2014. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó el porcentaje así como la media y desviación estándar. Se consideraron significativos valores de P<0,05. Resultados: la letalidad fue de 42,3% asociada de manera significativa a valores de pH arterial más bajos. Los valores medios de la PaO2 evolutivamente fueron mejores en los egresados vivos. Sólo se empleó ventilación no invasiva en el 28,8% de los casos. Los pacientes fallecidos presentaron una duración media de la ventilación mecánica significativamente mayor (8,6 ± 5,9 días vs. 4,0 ± 2,8 días). El shock séptico tuvo el 100% de letalidad. Conclusiones: la letalidad hospitalaria fue elevada y el empleo de ventilación no invasiva fue limitada.

Introduction: The incidence of chronic pain in patients undergoing prosthetic hernioplasty is approximately 10%. Considering as chronic inguinodinea the one that lasts three months or more. The best known cause is neuropathic and multiple strategies are proposed for its treatment. Objetive: Compare two techniques of neurectomy to prevent postoperative pain in prosthetic hernioplasty. Method: one hundred seventy five patients, who had underwent inguinal prosthetic hernioplasty between April 2011 and May 2013 were included; to compare two techniques. Resection of 5-10 cm of the nerve was done to 100 patients and to 75 cases simple section or minimal resection (1 cm). Results: in group 1, at two weeks, 61% of the patients reported moderate pain, only one with severe pain. One month later, 14% showed moderate pain, and one with severe pain. One year later only one patient reported moderate pain. In group 2, at two weeks, 62.7% reported moderate pain and nine (12%) reported severe pain. One month, 44% reported moderate pain and 8 (10.7%) continued with severe pain. One year later, eight (10.7%) reflected with constant moderate pain and of these one patient was re-entered for surgical treatment. The low incidence of chronic pain after neurectomy was significant (1% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.012); the incidence of intense pain in the short and medium term, as well as, moderate pain per month was also lower. Conclusion: prophylactic resection of the nerve was more effective than the simple section to avoid postoperative pain.

Introducción: la incidencia del dolor crónico en pacientes sometidos a hernioplastia con prótesis es de aproximadamente del 10%. Considerando como inguinodínea crónica aquella que dura tres meses o más. La causa mejor conocida es la neuropática y se proponen múltiples estrategias para su tratamiento. Objetivo: comparar dos técnicas de neurectomía para prevenir dolor postoperatorio en hernioplastia con prótesis. Método: se incluyeron 175 pacientes a los que se realizó hernioplastia electiva con prótesis en el período abril 2011 a mayo 2013; para comparar dos técnicas. Se realizó resección de 5-10 cm del nervio a 100 pacientes y a 75 casos sección simple o resección mínima (1 cm). Resultados: en el grupo 1, a las dos semanas el 61% de los pacientes refería dolor moderado, solo uno con dolor intenso. Un mes después el 14% reflejó dolor moderado, y uno con dolor intenso. Un año después solo un paciente refirió dolor moderado. En el grupo 2, a las dos semanas el 62,7% describió dolor moderado y nueve (12%) refirió dolor intenso. Un mes el 44% narró dolor moderado y ocho (10,7%) mantenían dolor intenso. Un año después, ocho (10,7%) reflejó con dolor moderado constante y de estos un paciente se reingresó para tratamiento quirúrgico. La baja incidencia del dolor crónico después de neurectomía fue significativa (1 % vs. 10,7%; p=0,012); la incidencia del dolor intenso a corto y mediano plazo, así como, el dolor moderado al mes fue también menor. Conclusión: La resección profiláctica del nervio fue más efectiva que la simple sección para evitar el dolor postoperatorio.

Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumor. They are componed of mature fat cells, usually are asymptomatic and slow-growing. They are more frequently identified in obese and female individuals. Vulva localizations are rare. A clinical case treated at ¨Dr. Alan Delfín¨ Integral Diagnosis Center, Trujillo State, Venezuela. The patient came to consultation presenting a pedunculated, lobulated, painless soft tissue tumor, in vulvar region, 23 cm long. The patient underwent surgical treatment; exeresis and biopsy of lesion were performed. The anatomopathological exam confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma.

Los lipomas son los tumores mesenquimatosos benignos más comunes. Están compuestos de células adiposas maduras, generalmente asintomáticos y de crecimiento lento. Se identifican con mayor frecuencia en individuos obesos y del sexo femenino. La localización en la vulva es rara. Presentamos un caso clínico atendido en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral “Dr. Alan Delfín¨, Estado Trujillo, Venezuela. La paciente de 19 años acudió con un tumor de partes blandas lobulado, pediculado, no doloroso en región vulvar, de 23 cm de longitud. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico con exéresis y biopsia. El diagnóstico de lipoma fue confirmado por examen anatomopatológico.

The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach was suggested to be a suitable method to treat enamel and dentine carious lesions in patients with disabilities. The use of a restorative glass-ionomer with optimal mechanical properties is, therefore, very important. Objective To test the null-hypotheses that no difference in diametral tensile, compressive and flexural strengths exists between: (1) The EQUIA system and (2) The Chemfil Rock (encapsulated glass-ionomers; test materials) and the Fuji 9 Gold Label and the Ketac Molar Easymix (hand-mixed conventional glass-ionomers; control materials); (3) The EQUIA system and Chemfil Rock. Material and Methods Specimens for testing flexural (n = 240) and diametral tensile (n=80) strengths were prepared according to standardized specifications; the compressive strength (n=80) was measured using a tooth-model of a class II ART restoration. ANOVA and Tukey B tests were used to test for significant differences between dependent and independent variables. Results The EQUIA system and Chemfil Rock had significantly higher mean scores for all the three strength variables than the Fuji 9 Gold Label and Ketac Molar Easymix (α=0.05). The EQUIA system had significant higher mean scores for diametral tensile and flexural strengths than the Chemfil Rock (α=0.05). Conclusion The two encapsulated high-viscosity glass-ionomers had significantly higher test values for diametral tensile, flexural and compressive strengths than the commonly used hand-mixed high-viscosity glass-ionomers.

The success of ART as a caries management approach is supported by more than 20 years of scientific evidence. ART follows the contemporary concepts of modern cariology and restorative dentistry. It challenges treatment concepts such as step-wise excavation and the need for complete removal of affected dentine. The ART approach so far has mainly used high-viscosity glass-ionomer as the sealant and restorative material. Cariostatic and remineralization properties have been ascribed to this material which requires further research to establish its clinical relevance. The adhesion of high-viscosity glass-ionomer to enamel in pits and fissures is apparently strong, as its remnants, blocking the pits and fissures, have been considered a possible reason for the low prevalence of carious lesion development after the glass-ionomer has clinically disappeared from it. Encapsulated high-viscosity glass-ionomers may lead to higher restoration survival results than those of the hand-mixed version and should, therefore, not be neglected when using ART. Similarly, the use of resin-modified glass-ionomer with ART should be researched. The effectiveness of ART when compared to conventional caries management approaches has been shown in numerous studies. Proper case selection is an important factor for long-lasting ART restoration survival. This is based on the caries risk situation of the individual, the size of the cavity opening, the strategic position of the cavitated tooth and the presence of adequate caries control measures. As the operator is one of the main causes for failure of ART restorations, attending a well-conducted ART training course is mandatory for successful implementation of ART.

1,2-dichloro-4,5-dinitrobenzene (DCDNB) reacts with primary and secondary amines, in acetonitrile, at room temperature, to give a monosubstituted nitro product with a yield of 85 to 95%. The chloro-nitro-disubstituted product is formed with excess amine under reflux. Piperidine, pyrroline, dimethylamine and methylamine were the most reactive reagents in both mono- and disubstitution.